Category Archives: Ideas

"The Capacity for Compassion Divides the Value of the Soul"

I was reading the first page of Hofstadter’s new book, “I am a Strange Loop”, and, as usual, Hofstadter got me thinking. He begins by attempting to draw a dividing line between what has a soul and what does not, using an analogy to what animals may be ethically killed for food to demonstrate the inconsistencies and paradoxes that result when attempting to define that boundary. His own solution is essentially a compromise – he will eat certain animals, but abstain from eating others. His reasoning for choosing certain animals is not precisely made clear.

Well, I tend to view eating as an expression of a natural order, so I don’t feel precisely the same qualms he does about it, but regarding the intrinsic “presence” of a soul, I believe that the dividing line is determined by the soul’s capacity for compassion – that is, to ensure a positive outcome for all, not just itself. In essence, then, the “magnitude” of a particular organism’s soul becomes a function of its behavior rather than an intrinsic property. We can then discard the word “soul” altogether and speak from strictly utilitarian terms:

In an everyone-for-themselves world, the law is kill or be killed. No one will shed any tears for any loss of life, because everyone is only looking out for his own well being. This represents the absolutely degenerate case.

In an entirely compassionate and altruistic world, everyone looks out for everyone else. Presumably, no one starves because everyone gathers food for the good of the community (of course, how this is done without killing is a major missing detail, but an irrelevant one). This is what communism in its purest form promised, but it is of course absolutely unattainable, as the entire world has witnessed over the past century.

So let’s set these situations at opposites and speak about the area in the middle. Specifically, we’re interested in the reciprocity of the situations.

The less compassion one shows, the more likely one is to harm others to benefit himself. However, this creates a scenario (prisoner’s dilemma where the prisoner is guaranteed to proclaim you guilty) in which the only good response is opposition (i.e. you proclaim him guilty as well so you don’t get locked up). The exigencies of the situation then demand a particular type of response, and, because it’s a simple requirement, the moral opposition to this should dwindle.

Therefore, I can set my own dividing line based on the compassion of the creature.

The only remaining question now is that if I eat animals, am I demonstrating the same sort of reprehensible behavior that I spoke of before? That’s a tricky question which many people are going to answer differently, but ultimately, I believe that the amount of good one’s continued existence can engender is a counterbalance against the amount of life one is responsible for taking in the name of sustenance.

Implementation of Media Similarity Search

Similarity search technology in images, music, and other multimedia content has been researched to death. This idea is not about research in any of those areas (I save that for work at Temple). The idea is simply an implementation of these techniques. Something like Google images that allows you to upload images and query based on similarity to the given image. Small-scale systems exist, but I have yet to find any that are as large as mainstream keyword-based image searches, such as Google Image Search. I’ve suggested this to Google when I was in their NYC office (I even gave them my BACH paper to suggest how they could do it for music!), but as far as I know, they still lack this feature (though they are joined by all of the other large search engines).

Large-scale query-by-humming systems already exist, so the lack of those isn’t a problem, but video could also benefit from such an approach (find video with this sound, find video with this frame, etc.). Images could be broken down using MPEG7 descriptors, time series analysis after linearization by a Hilbert curve, or vector quantization, among other techniques. Music could be broken down by a Fourier transform/power spectrum analysis; even the mood of the piece can be accurately predicted by this technique (according to the literature). Video search can be treated as a simple array of images and music (frames) and solved by the bagging the previous two methods.

Focus precludes creativity?

Now that I am narrowly focusing on my dissertation, I have noticed that my tendency to generate ideas has slowed. While this is useful both in my current situation (I don’t need distractions while working on the paper that ultimately forms the basis for the beginning of my career as a scholar) and from an evolutionary perspective (if you’re in a situation that requires focus, such as gathering food, unrelated ideas probably don’t serve as well as focusing on the solitary task at hand), it represents a fundamental divide (which is temporarily bridged) between my primary breadth-first mode of thought and the rest of depth-driven society. What is more interesting is that it says something about the operation of society as a whole if the majority of its thinkers are depth-first.

Motor learning rate

Here’s an interesting idea, and one I’m in a position to test to boot!

Over several iterations of performing a simple motor task, an interesting pattern of activity occurs in the frontal cortex of the brain: the amount of activity diminishes with each iteration until a certain threshold is reached, indicating what appears to be motor learning behavior. It’s more or less linear, but I believe that the slope differs between subjects.

Now, my hypothesis is this: that the motor rate from a simple motor task could in fact be used to estimate the rapidity of motor learning in general. In other words, if I could stick you in an fMRI scanner for a few seconds and have you twiddle your thumbs, I could predict how fast you would be able to type or how long it would take you to learn to play the piano, for example.

But that’s only the beginning: that this is taking place in the frontal lobe rather than the cerebellum suggests that the processing may be somewhat unified with the process of normal cognitive learning, and thus may be a form of intelligence.

So can we build an IQ test from this? Maybe. I’m going to perform some quick experiments on data that we already have at the lab as soon as I can. Since I don’t have test data from the subjects, the initial analysis will be clustering, but if that succeeds, I may attempt to test them and perform regression.

If both of these hypotheses are true, Gardener’s theory of multiple intelligences may need to be amended.

The Research Classroom

The idea is simple, but should be effective: A class that meets solely to do research. It puts 30 or so minds on a project at once, and has everyone collaborating. Some people are naturally more effective in this environment too. It’s win/win.

More on the Objective Reality of Ideas

My philosophy came up in an online discussion today. I decided to copy the explanation I gave:

Question:

Post #18
1 reply
“So basically, you believe there are ideas out there, and it’s just a matter of time before we discover them…

And so they are not original ideas, or ideas that we “create,” but instead truths that already exist that we simply discover and recombine according to our own principles.

So creativity, then, is making connections.

I wonder if an original idea could ever be “wrong”

Response:

Post #19
Essentially. It’s sort of like Platonic idealism, in that the things in the real world are simply combinations of some set of absolute concepts, such as “has branches”, “is green”, etc. Theoretically, if we had an infinite amount of time to do so, we could describe the entire universe in terms of how these ideas come together. (We don’t have an infinite amount of time, so what we get is “knowledge”: an approximation to the truth that becomes more and more accurate with time. Not just science, either; we’re also part of the universe, so the humanities and arts are just as valid. If you’re familiar with calculus, think integral vs. sum. They’re equivalent in the limit).

However, because we exist within the material world, the ideas also have a subjective component. Even though we can perceive the same ideas differently, our perceptions are still both true; it’s not as if we are seeing different “shadows on the cave wall”.

The example I like to use is a photo of a tree. Say we take two photographs of the same tree with different exposures. They’re going to appear differently, but that does not change the fact that they *are* (in an absolute sense) photos of the same tree. A person may or may not *identify* them as the same tree, however; this is where the subjectivity comes in. However, because the subjective component of an idea is not inferior to the absolute one, whether the response is “this is the same tree” or “this is not the same tree” is irrelevant; they’re both correct.

That’s actually the logical conclusion of this whole philosophy – there’s no such thing as an idea that’s truly wrong. Of course, how useful it is is still up for debate (though most people tend to be very bad at judging how useful an idea is; in general, people tend to underestimate). Even blatantly contradictory ideas such as “the sky is green” are useful because they allow us to refine our approximation of the truth by discarding inconsistencies.

20th Psychological Postulate

“Trends begin when someone does the impossible”.

In other words, you gain a following when you do something that no one else had even considered doing previously, either because it was too much effort, was seen as intractable, or just didn’t make sense to anyone before it was done.

I was looking for the reason trends began in the sciences; what finally allowed me to come to this realization wasn’t science at all, but was watching difficult problem solving trends among players in a game that I run. One player is invariably required to prove that solving a puzzle is possible at all, then the rest follow.

It’s a useful microcosm, and an example of what I like to call the principle of universality: you can derive nearly any idea from any area you choose, so long as you keep an open mind.

Another (very high-level) cancer treatment idea

If killing cancer cells off proves too difficult, undoing the process of malignant transformation and turning them back into benign tumor cells would still greatly reduce mortality from the disease.

I find it sort of pathetic that such little attention is being given to alternate immortality pathways in tumor cells. Come on, people! If you can subject the cells to aging, they will not divide indefinitely. If they do not divide indefinitely, they won’t survive very long. If tumors don’t survive very long, cancer no longer becomes a problem. Blocking telomerase is good (though there is some present in the body itself, especially in children, it is probably worth the tradeoff, and it would just be a temporary treatment measure anyway), but you need to block ALL of the ways cells have of circumventing the Hayflick limit.

Plus more telomerase research might dramatically extend the human lifespan, as we begin studying what is likely one major cause of aging. Not that I think we need even more people on the planet. If anything, we have too many already.

So let’s get some more people on it! It has to start with the funding, of course. Everyone follows the funding.

I’d help if I could, but I’m sort of… stuck.

It’s almost all self-study, but I have both a broad and deep knowledge of medicine. It’s an interesting field and one that I tend to absorb like a sponge. I can diagnose most diseases based on symptoms as well as any doctor. I know about protein regulation (it’s actually just a very complicated graph theory problem) and interaction. I can do gene sequencing, though I don’t think that would be a good area to put my skills to use. I can read most biology papers with ease. I easily know more about the diseases we study than any of the other computer scientists on the team, and I’ve occasionally surprised the biologists on our team as well. As a computer scientist in bioinformatics, I have an extensive ability to support my experiments with my own computational models. I have enough experience to read some types of medical images (though not nearly as well as a trained radiologist). And, as readers would see, I come up with all sorts of wacky treatment ideas both routinely and subconsciously, which means I’ll never run out of approaches.

SO SOMEBODY LET ME USE MY TALENT!

What I can’t do is use the equipment or get access to a lab. This is preventing me from doing experiments. I’m trying to find a bio course that will give me such access and enough training that I don’t blow stuff up or contaminate the lab’s cell lines, but this is Temple we’re talking about, not Polymath – I need to jump through more hoops than Shamu to enroll in a course outside of my major (OTOH, Temple is very well known in medicine; even more of a pity).

Maybe I care too much. I just hate being barred from the implementation of my ideas. Especially when I think those ideas are for the good of the very society that shuns them. I’m sometimes tempted to simply leave society on its own and go live the rest of my life on a farm somewhere, but I just can’t do it – I am going to create because I am the type that simply must create. It’s the “compulsion of ideas” that I speak of in my Treatise, but it’s of course a facet of one’s personality rather than the ideas themselves. Of course, I also argue that one’s perception of an idea forms the relative basis (as opposed to the absolute one) of the idea’s reality, so the compulsion is intrinsic to the combination of the idea and a receptive person in a sense.

Working on another classifier right now. This one needs to compare ROIs with individual codebooks. I’m not even sure we can meaningfully compare them, since the codeword indices don’t mean the same thing in different ROIs. I might need to use wavelets, which I had hoped to avoid. Tensor decomposition is the next step (and one I should get familiar with, because I’ll be working with it a lot in my dissertation).

I just keep getting older and the work keeps getting less exciting.

I’m going to continue my math research from where I left off soon as well. Maybe people would shut up about wondering how applicable a pure math result in number theory is if I make an attempt at proving GRH with it (Robin’s theorem lets me do that).

Probably not. Probably only if I solved it, which I probably can’t do with my current results, since my recurrence still fundamentally unrolls in accordance with the distribution of the primes that make up n. That never was the goal, though; I just like doing number theory. A lot.

Another cancer treatment idea

I’m wondering whether it would be possible to get an organism to “learn” to attack cancer cells. I’m thinking that if we could sensitize a fast-evolving virus (such as an HIV virus that has been stripped of its traditional payload) to tumor antigen, we could create an “evolve or die” environment where the virus would either:

a. Completely die out (then just try it again until it works),
b. Become desensitized to whatever it’s supposed to be sensitive to (likely),
c. Modify its environment to reduce the presence of the target module (could be bad), or
d. Destroy the cells that are emitting it.

Obviously, the fourth choice is what we want. If we could engineer a virus that seeks out and lyses cancer cells like HIV does T-cells, we would have a treatment model whose versatility can match that of the cancer itself.

Obviously, we do not want the immune system interfering in this, so we would perhaps need to tailor the viral capsid to the patient or give the patient immunosuppressants while undergoing treatment.

One day I’ll get the chance to test these hypotheses, but they can only exist as ideas until I have access to biological training and equipment… and I am unbound from other people’s research needs.

Again, microwavable cat food

The one idea I would never even think of implementing on my own, and it’s the one obvious thing that no one else seems to have thought about (or implemented, anyway). I feel sorry for my cat, who has probably never had a hot meal in her life.