Category Archives: Ideas

Beauty as an exclusive ideal

I thought I’ve mentioned this here, but perhaps not. My observations on beauty ideals can be summed up as follows:

“Beauty is what most people are not, but the elite are always beautiful.”

I call it the “white face” hypothesis. Beauty ideals (across many different cultures!) traditionally favored pale features prior to modernity, as they were indicators of high social status (everyone else was out working in the fields all day). When the connotation of social status disappeared, tan suddenly became in. I suppose one reason for this may be the indication of enough money to spend it frivolously, but more likely it’s just a trait idealized by celebrities and televised role models.

Different Ring Behaviors at Different Times of Day

My father complains of a friend who routinely calls at 7 AM, often waking him up. This led me to wonder why phones don’t have an option for different ring behaviors at different times. For instance, between 12 and 7, one may wish to have the phone vibrate rather than create an audible ring, or to create an audible ring with lower volume (to avoid waking others up).

An interesting brain/learning tidbit…

When performing working memory processing tasks, the anterior cingulate cortex lights up. It does not during memory recall (the medial temporal lobes do, which sort of makes sense as the medial temporal lobe is the location of the hippocampus). The ACC also responds to pain, fear, and other unpleasant “avoidance” sensations.

Maybe there’s a physiological basis for the avoidance people display to challenging mental tasks? Can it be that the body interprets it as another form of pain?

Edit: Ooh, it increases with task difficulty too.

Fuller on change means geopolitical power cannot remain concentrated in one place.

“To change something, build a new model that makes the existing model obsolete.”
–R. Buckminster Fuller

When this is applied to governments, it becomes painfully obvious why the center of political power is destined to continually shift. Disruptive paradigm shifts are seldom initiated by those who benefit most from the current paradigm!

More on the Working Set Theory of (Human) Memory

I hypothesize that evocation of one concept triggers additional concepts learned to be similar to that one by association. Think of one thing and related things are involuntarily pulled in as well; you import a whole cluster of memories rather than a single one. (Incidentally, this is how disks pull in data – by block – except that there is usually little conceptual locality to the way the data is arranged on disk… maybe there should be, as this would be far more optimal for caching and other purposes?)

Furthermore, I hypothesize that this influences the use of additional associated concepts even outside of their intended use; i.e., it is a more general form of priming. For example, the first sentence of the Wikipedia article on retributive justice makes use of the term “eye” outside of the obvious association “eye for an eye” (which appears further below):

“Retributive justice is a theory of justice that considers that proportionate punishment is a morally acceptable response to crime, with an eye to the satisfaction and psychological benefits it can bestow to the aggrieved party, its intimates and society.”

I postulate that this is not at all incidental, but due to the pulling in of “clusters” of related ideas in memory.

There is a further use for this theory in pedagogy: by moving on from a single topic but integrating certain “key ideas” or even “key words” from a previous topic, you can reinforce that topic while introducing new material. For example, if I used the term “phylogeny” extensively while teaching students about tree data structures, then moved on and discussed genetic algorithms, I could cause students to recall the tree lecture by using the term “phylogeny” in a different context. It has essentially become a trigger point for recalling an unrelated memory.

"God" as an abstract omniscient agent.

Within the context of my philosophy, I’ve begun to think of God as a more abstract omniscient agent rather than a deity; i.e., an entity with full unfettered knowledge of the universe, without any additional connotations.

There are some interesting attributes you can then ascribe to Him: for one, if the universe is truly deterministic on the subatomic level, it is only to Him that there would be any difference. The rest of us have incomplete knowledge of the world on this scale (even discounting the immense, effectively infinite, number of possibilities, there are problems such as the Uncertainty Principle to contend with) and will not be able to perceive the underlying determinism of the universe as it unfolds if the universe is in fact deterministic. (I call this effective nondeterminism). But an omniscient agent would have complete knowledge of the universe and would in fact be able to predict its course were it deterministic.

Another interesting tidbit relates to perception: as I argued in my last post, our own personal universes are colored by our perception. We may be able to reason that the objective universe is not in fact like that, but our senses will always tell us otherwise. One can think of it as performing astronomical study while there is dirt on the telescope lens.

Omniscience precludes such a filter. An omniscient agent does not rely on access to a particular “view” of the universe; the knowledge is direct, complete, and unaltered. Thus an omniscient agent can be used as a mechanism of exploring the objective side of the universe in the objective/subjective duality.

There is one way in which the universe really can be against you.

There is a technique in computer graphics, mostly in the context of gaming, known as “skyboxing”, where you simulate a sky by drawing a textured box around the player and moving it around as the player moves. The game universe is defined by the player’s perception – we see a sky and we don’t feel the need to ask questions about how that sky was rendered.

This got me thinking this morning about the “unfairness” of the universe. The objective, physical universe, of course, can care less about you or your well-being; it’s governed by intransigent laws, none of which take “is this a sentient being?” into account.

There is, however, one way the universe can be actively against you in a certain sense: if your body presents an additional struggle to overcome. Just as the skybox around the player *is* the sky in the game world, what we perceive within the real world defines our universe (despite the existence of objectivity given infinite knowledge of the world). If our perceptions are faulty, if our actions are limited, if our attention is constantly drawn away by pain or malaise, our universe has become more difficult to act within. Such a struggle is intrinsic to our own bodies, so it follows us everywhere. Like the sky, it has become a physical fact of our universe. It can thus be said that the universe is in fact working against us to the extent that our bodies are.

The Potlatch of Ideas!

Publish or perish within the scientific community is a potlatch of ideas! They’re freely given away in exchange for status, which translates into more desirable jobs (just as the ritual potlatch was used to apportion land and fishing rights). A side effect is the redistribution and dissemination, not of wealth, but of ideas! The whole process of publish or perish is just a means of nonviolent competition for social status.

I need to study more anthropology.

Keyboards are dirty. But are certain parts of them dirtier?

(This is a repost of another thread that was getting tons of spam comments)

A common anecdote that probably stems from a research finding is that keyboards have more germs on them than toilet seats. While I can definitely see this, that got me wondering whether certain parts of a keyboard have a greater number than others. Certain keys are touched more, after all.

Intuitively, you’d expect the proportions to match the letter distribution of the typist’s native language, with some other keys, such as shift, enter, and the space bar having very high frequencies as well. Weird, mostly useless keys like Scroll Lock would probably have next to nothing.

This goes for piano keys too. People probably touch more keys on the right hand of the keyboard, as that’s where the melody usually is – so it stands to reason that the right side of a piano keyboard would be dirtier than the left.

AdaBoosting the Immune System

One of the most intriguing connections between biology and machine learning is in the learning ability of the adaptive immune system. If you abstract away the biology, it appears to be a very complex problem of classification: is something an invader or not? False positives cause autoimmune diseases. False negatives cause dangerous infections.

Just as in machine learning, we can use the concepts of sensitivity and specificity, positive and negative predictive values, classification, clustering, and feature extraction.

And we can also use the techniques to guide treatments.

How about using AdaBoost to train the immune system? Expose it only to the examples it initially misclassifies? There are so many places where these two fields can intersect…